Sequential Studies of Beamforming Algorithms for Smart Antenna Systems

Smart antenna is the most efficient leading innovation for maximum capacity and improved quality and coverage. A systematic comparison of the performance of different Adaptive Algorithms for beamforming for Smart Antenna System has been extensively studied in this research work. Simulation results revealed that training sequence algorithms like Recursive Least Squares (RLS) and Least Mean Squares (LMS) are best for beamforming (to form main lobes) towards desired user but they have limitations towards interference rejection. While Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) has satisfactory response towards beamforming and it gives better outcome for interference rejection, but Bit Error Rate (BER) is maximum in case of single antenna element in CMA. It is verified that convergence rate of RLS is faster than LMS so RLS is proved the best choice. The effect of changing step size for LMS algorithm has also been studied.